The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the...

Running head: ENVIORONMENTAL ANALYSIS The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Telecommunication Industry University of Phoenix MBA 501 Forces Influencing Business in the 21st Century January 22, 2007 Introduction The intent of this paper is to perform an analysis of the cable industrys external environment. The first sections of the document will discuss environmental scanning and define the telecommunication niche that is currently occupied by cable operators such as Comcast. The next section will identify the macroeconomic variables that currently impact cable operators and will compare two variables to two corresponding industry variables. The final section of the paper will identify some of the challenges and opportunities†¦show more content†¦These changes in disposable income impacts the cable industrys subscriber numbers through subscriber churn (subscriber leaving) and premium services churn (dropping and adding premium services), these changes are reflected in revenue stream which in turn affects the market value of the cable operators. Inflation the general increase in the level of prices McConnell, Brue (2004) pg 82 is one of the macroeconomic variables that directly impacts the revenue stream of cable operators. Like most industries that maintain fleets of vehicle the escalating cost of fuel has an immediate impact on the bottom line. As a service providers and the owner of the infrastructure one of our largest costs is related to the installation of our services and hardware. In most cases after a new customer orders service the company rolls a truck. A truck roll requires that a technician is scheduled to drive to the customers home, connect their home to our plant, install the ordered product into the customers home, activate the product and do onsite training of the customer. The escalating cost of fuel directly increases the cost of truck rolls which depending on installer status (employee or contractor) is on average a $150.00. In most cases the company does not charge an install fee for this truck roll s o the cost is added to the ROI (Return on Investment) that is calculated for each customer. Interest rates also have a profound impact on the cable industry, there are hugeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Macroeconomic Variables On The Telecommunication Industry1635 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss environmental scanning and define the telecommunication niche that is currently occupied by cable operators such as Comcast. The next section will identify the macroeconomic variables that currently impact cable operators and will compare two variables to two corresponding industry variables. The final section of the paper will identify some of the challenges and opportunities facing the industry. An external analysis of the industry will provide a clear picture of the environment asRead MoreImpact of Macro Economics Factors in Share Market19276 Words   |  78 Pagesmight be that Stock Market depends on the overall health of the Economy, and real Economic variables which tend to display persistence. Therefore, an interesting question in finance is: what derives stock market volatility? Understanding the nature of stock market volatility gives some important implications for policy makers, economic forecasters and investors. Studying the impact of MacroEconomic factors such as Inflation, Interest Rate, Dollar Value and FII on conditional stock market volatilityRead MoreHow Globalization Affects Developing Countries?1504 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge and education measured by the adult literacy and (c) income. The degree to which an organization is globalized and diversified has bearing on the strategies that it uses to pursue greater development and investment opportunities. The Economic Impact on Developed Nations Globalization compels businesses to adapt to different strategies based on new ideological trends that try to balance rights and interests of both the individual and the community as a whole. This change enables businesses toRead MorePrice Makers and Price Takers952 Words   |  4 Pagesend of their life-cycle – more elastic demand, lower prices o Impact of marketing and advertising on consumer loyalty / brand loyalty The Regulatory System In markets where firms have price-setting power, government appointed regulatory agencies may intervene directly or indirectly in the price-setting process o The regulatory agencies covering privatised utilities such as gas, electricity, telecommunications and the rail industry – most of these regulators have at times enforced price-cappingRead MorePersonal Health Behaviors And Religious Prohibition Of Alcohol936 Words   |  4 Pagesrole in determining the prevalence of diseases of major socio-economic impact throughout the world, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers and accidents. (2) Personal health behaviours are determined by a wide variety of factors, including socio-cultural influences (e.g. dietary traditions and religious prohibition of alcohol), legislation (e.g. laws restricting the purchase of tobacco and the use of seat-belts), macroeconomics (e.g. disposable income and taxation on cigarettes), health care provisionRead MoreWhat Are The Determinants Of FDI Flows1789 Words   |  8 Pagesfactors influencing the destination of the investment: Host-country determinants, rather than industry specific factors. The major determinants of FDI are as follows--- (01)Size of the Market- Econometric studies comparing a cross section of countries indicate a well- established correlation between FDI and the size of the market. Some studies found GDP growth rate to be a significant explanatory variables, while GDP was not, probably indicating that where the current size of national income isRead MoreForeign Direct Investment Of India1718 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of Economic and Social variables can be determinants of Economic Growth. The variables divided into five groups. 1. Conditional Convergence The Conditional Convergence or Transitional Convergence maintains that the poor countries should grow faster than rich ones because of decreasing returns to scale in production. The countries control for initial position of the economy by including the initial level of Gross Domestic Product in the set of explanatory variables. The neoclassical growth modelRead MoreForeign Direct Investment ( Fdi ) And Economic Growth2405 Words   |  10 PagesInfrastructure (Ports, Roads, Power and Telecommunication) 3. Efficiency-Seeking a. Cost of resources and assets b. Other input costs (e.g. transport, communication and other intermediate products costs c. Membership of a regional integration agreement conducive to the establishment of regional corporate networks 4. Business Facilitation a. Provision of Tax Incentives (Local, Regional, National) b. Investment Subsidies 5. Policy Framework a. Stability of Political and Macroeconomic Framework (low inflation)Read MoreCoporate Finance Case Study5492 Words   |  22 Pageson Value per Share 5 The Benefits of Leveraging for the Shareholders 6 The Macroeconomic Benefit of Debts 7 Koppers Company, Inc. 7 Case 30 – MCI Communications, Corp.: Capital Structure Theory 9 Introduction 9 Cost of Capital 9 Costs of Equity 9 Cost of Debt 10 WACC 10 Scenario Analysis 11 Leverage and Risk – Coverage Ratio 11 Leverage and Earnings – Earnings per Share 12 The Creditor’s Reaction 14 Impact on Financial Flexibility 15 Summary and Concluding Remarks 16 Literature 17 Read MoreHow Stock Market Operates3258 Words   |  14 Pagestogether eventually lead to generate a gain in productivity and innovations that increases the stock price and strengthen the economy. The relationship between economic growth, research and development, technological change have been instituted at the industry, and national level. It simply means that corporate research and development is the connected with following gains in company’s stock prices, earnings, and productivity. Most of the companies do not usually disclose their The Impact Of Macroeconomic Variables On The... Introduction The intent of this paper is to perform an analysis of the cable industrys external environment. The first sections of the document will discuss environmental scanning and define the telecommunication niche that is currently occupied by cable operators such as Comcast. The next section will identify the macroeconomic variables that currently impact cable operators and will compare two variables to two corresponding industry variables. The final section of the paper will identify some of the challenges and opportunities facing the industry. An external analysis of the industry will provide a clear picture of the environment as well as any opportunities and threats faced by Comcast. By understanding the environment,†¦show more content†¦The USs premier operator in the broadcasting cable TV market is Comcast. Its 2005 revenues of $22.3 billion places it firmly at the top of the sector; while the company attributes revenue growth of 9.6% to the business innovations which Comcas t is deploying in the search for new revenues. University of Phoenix (2007) While Comcast provides many different types of services and products this paper will concentrate on one of its primary services which is cable operations, as defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS); code 517500 Cable and other program Distribution. This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged as third-party distribution systems for broadcast programming. The establishments of this industry deliver visual, aural, or textual programming received from cable networks, local television stations, or radio networks to consumers via cable or direct-to-home satellite systems on a subscription or fee basis. These establishments do not generally originate programming material. NAICS (2007) Macroeconomic variables that affect the cable industry Some of the macroeconomic variables that impact the cable industry are gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, trade, interestShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Telecommunication Industry1704 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: ENVIORONMENTAL ANALYSIS The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Telecommunication Industry University of Phoenix MBA 501 Forces Influencing Business in the 21st Century January 22, 2007 Introduction The intent of this paper is to perform an analysis of the cable industrys external environment. The first sections of the document will discuss environmental scanning and define the telecommunication niche that is currently occupied by cable operators such as Comcast. The nextRead MoreImpact of Macro Economics Factors in Share Market19276 Words   |  78 Pagesmight be that Stock Market depends on the overall health of the Economy, and real Economic variables which tend to display persistence. Therefore, an interesting question in finance is: what derives stock market volatility? Understanding the nature of stock market volatility gives some important implications for policy makers, economic forecasters and investors. Studying the impact of MacroEconomic factors such as Inflation, Interest Rate, Dollar Value and FII on conditional stock market volatilityRead MoreHow Globalization Affects Developing Countries?1504 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge and education measured by the adult literacy and (c) income. The degree to which an organization is globalized and diversified has bearing on the strategies that it uses to pursue greater development and investment opportunities. The Economic Impact on Developed Nations Globalization compels businesses to adapt to different strategies based on new ideological trends that try to balance rights and interests of both the individual and the community as a whole. This change enables businesses toRead MorePrice Makers and Price Takers952 Words   |  4 Pagesend of their life-cycle – more elastic demand, lower prices o Impact of marketing and advertising on consumer loyalty / brand loyalty The Regulatory System In markets where firms have price-setting power, government appointed regulatory agencies may intervene directly or indirectly in the price-setting process o The regulatory agencies covering privatised utilities such as gas, electricity, telecommunications and the rail industry – most of these regulators have at times enforced price-cappingRead MorePersonal Health Behaviors And Religious Prohibition Of Alcohol936 Words   |  4 Pagesrole in determining the prevalence of diseases of major socio-economic impact throughout the world, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers and accidents. (2) Personal health behaviours are determined by a wide variety of factors, including socio-cultural influences (e.g. dietary traditions and religious prohibition of alcohol), legislation (e.g. laws restricting the purchase of tobacco and the use of seat-belts), macroeconomics (e.g. disposable income and taxation on cigarettes), health care provisionRead MoreWhat Are The Determinants Of FDI Flows1789 Words   |  8 Pagesfactors influencing the destination of the investment: Host-country determinants, rather than industry specific factors. The major determinants of FDI are as follows--- (01)Size of the Market- Econometric studies comparing a cross section of countries indicate a well- established correlation between FDI and the size of the market. Some studies found GDP growth rate to be a significant explanatory variables, while GDP was not, probably indicating that where the current size of national income isRead MoreForeign Direct Investment Of India1718 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of Economic and Social variables can be determinants of Economic Growth. The variables divided into five groups. 1. Conditional Convergence The Conditional Convergence or Transitional Convergence maintains that the poor countries should grow faster than rich ones because of decreasing returns to scale in production. The countries control for initial position of the economy by including the initial level of Gross Domestic Product in the set of explanatory variables. The neoclassical growth modelRead MoreForeign Direct Investment ( Fdi ) And Economic Growth2405 Words   |  10 PagesInfrastructure (Ports, Roads, Power and Telecommunication) 3. Efficiency-Seeking a. Cost of resources and assets b. Other input costs (e.g. transport, communication and other intermediate products costs c. Membership of a regional integration agreement conducive to the establishment of regional corporate networks 4. Business Facilitation a. Provision of Tax Incentives (Local, Regional, National) b. Investment Subsidies 5. Policy Framework a. Stability of Political and Macroeconomic Framework (low inflation)Read MoreCoporate Finance Case Study5492 Words   |  22 Pageson Value per Share 5 The Benefits of Leveraging for the Shareholders 6 The Macroeconomic Benefit of Debts 7 Koppers Company, Inc. 7 Case 30 – MCI Communications, Corp.: Capital Structure Theory 9 Introduction 9 Cost of Capital 9 Costs of Equity 9 Cost of Debt 10 WACC 10 Scenario Analysis 11 Leverage and Risk – Coverage Ratio 11 Leverage and Earnings – Earnings per Share 12 The Creditor’s Reaction 14 Impact on Financial Flexibility 15 Summary and Concluding Remarks 16 Literature 17 Read MoreHow Stock Market Operates3258 Words   |  14 Pagestogether eventually lead to generate a gain in productivity and innovations that increases the stock price and strengthen the economy. The relationship between economic growth, research and development, technological change have been instituted at the industry, and national level. It simply means that corporate research and development is the connected with following gains in company’s stock prices, earnings, and productivity. Most of the companies do not usually disclose their

The Presentation of Isolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide...

Isolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide Sargasso Sea. The theme of isolation is explored in Bronte’s novel; Jane Eyre. This theme is also developed in The Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys. Both pieces present different types of isolation, such as isolation due to location and the isolation of a character due to their social status, such as Jane’s status as a governess. The various ways in which isolation is present in each of the texts show how inescapable and unavoidable isolation is for the characters in both Jane Eyre and The Wide Sargasso, with it being present in such a large way in their lives. Physical isolation is present in both texts, with Jane in Jane Eyre and Antoinette in the Wide Sargasso Sea experiencing absolute isolation†¦show more content†¦It also presents the idea that the separation her family experiences is potentially dangerous. Evidence of isolation due to a characters place, or position, in society can be found in both novels. Bronte demonstrates the isolation Jane inflicts upon herself, coming as a result of her awareness of her place in society, in the Chapter 17 of Jane Eyre, which tells of Mr Rochester’s return from his unexpected departure to Gateshead hall, accompanied by numerous guests enjoying a social stay, comprising mainly of games and dinners. Jane intentionally separates herself from Mr Rochester’s prestigious guests as they gather in the study after dinner. After firstly declining her master’s request for her company, anticipating the isolation she will face, stemming from her inferiority in her class, she then goes on to separate herself. Bronte uses the first person narrative to reveal Jane’s feelings, such as in the narrative â€Å"I sit in the shade-if any shade there be in this brilliantly-lit apartments; the window-curtain half hides me†. This demons trates Jane’s need to physically isolate herself from the party, attempting to not only isolate herself from their conversation with a book, but furthermore their presence, trying to hide. This also indicates her vulnerability, which contrasting with the confidence of the other women. This isolates her further. By saying ‘half hides me’ her reservations are highlighted,Show MoreRelatedThe Caribbean History1095 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean, African, and native Arawak/Amerindian, to reinvent and create a voice that entails all of those influences. Walcott redefines and reinvents the literary epic in Omeros and Rhys challenges the ignored narrative of Bertha/Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea. In Omeros, I propose on demonstrating how Walcott uses Helen as a symbol of the St. Lucia and how her struggle represents the struggle of the island. I will investigate the images of the victimized Helen of Troy in contrast with this Antillean

Business Management Environmental Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Business Management Environmental Analysis. Answer: Introduction Description of the company and relevant information PepsiCo is known as worlds second largest soft drink company and the worlds largest potato chips selling brand. This report is based on analysis of PepsiCo Inc marketing strategies in order to achieve significant place. The report imbibes all practical efforts undertaken by PepsiCo in order to achieve relevant market growth. PepsiCo was formed due to the joint efforts of the Pepsi-Cola Company, Frito-Lay Inc. in the year 1965 to become PepsiCo Inc. Pepsi is known across the world as flagship product and signature drink of PepsiCo Inc.'s. Tropicana was acquired by the company in the year 1998 and it merged with The Quaker Oats Company in 2001. PepsiCo international is available across the globe in 200 countries and territories generating revenue of nearly $ 92 billion. The mission of PepsiCo is to become worlds leader in consumer product and to focus on becoming a convenient food and beverage. It wants to become market leader by acquiring a significant share through producing health d rinks (Pepsico, 2017). The motive of PepsiCo is to produce healthy profits for the investors and to create ample of market opportunities for attaining growth and enrichment (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). There motive is to act with honesty, fairness and integrity while obeying the law and regulations of the countries they are working in. The company is known to manufacture and known to sell variety of salty and sweet grain based products, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks and other beverages. The company has attained long term sustainable growth through its operational activities by creating a competitive advantage through innovation (Rothaermel, 2015). The company is planning to acquire a huge market share by expanding business functions; it grew at the rate of 5.5 percent in year 2006. PESTEL analysis Pestle analysis is an effective model used to analyze the macro environmental situation in a country. It is used by major country to understand the local situation. Business can only grow if the company is already aware about the situation in the country it is working. PepsiCo is a multinational organization with its function in more than 200 countries. It is necessary for a marketer to analyze the marketing situation in order to attain desired outcomes. Political The products manufactured by PepsiCo are subject to the various local laws. The law governs food and safety at different place. The law play significant role in determining future of PepsiCo hence it is essential to focus on the political features of a particular country in order to grow. Land acquisition is one of the factors affecting the land acquisition for a new industry. Te government of the country is focused on making stricter policies while keeping a check over the pollution. It is necessary for a company to comply with the various environmental laws in order to grow. The raw material price is a matter of great worry for the company. The price of raw material keeps fluctuating which has caused a problem for the organization. Economic There are ample of growing opportunities in the other countries. Globalization has lead to integration of worlds economy. It is essential to notice that every company needs to take advantage from the global economic conditions There is a change in the fuel prices that has caused fluctuation in the price of product. Fuel prices are subject to the macro environmental factors (Hoffman, Corbett, Joglekar Wells, 2014). The availability of labor is subject to the market condition. In a developing country the labor are easily available whereas in a developed country it is difficult to get cheap labors. It is necessary for a company like PepsiCo to consider the global economic perspective while expanding business in other countries. Social PepsiCo uses lot of water and it causes harm to environment in many ways. It is necessary for a company like PepsiCo to consider the social factors while considering the environment as well. It should focus on replenishment of water. It is suggested that the company should form an alliance with the local farmers which will causes a significant growth. The company should focus on solid waste water management program which will help in attaining social security. The company has a huge amount of impact on the public hence it is necessary to set a positive mark on the mind of the youth. This will help them I attaining a significant market place under a diversified business environment. Technological The company operates in almost all the countries. Currently PepsiCo is operating in 200 Countries selling different kind of food and beverages. They have already introduced a new can and plastic bottles in a short tenure. There RD department is constantly working by setting desired goals. They are developing attractive and newer designs. Environmental Environment is necessary given more preference in case of serving environmental issues. It is necessary to follow the local and international rules and guidelines as issued by the authority. Legal In order to avoid the legal obligation it is necessary to keep a check over the legal framework. PepsiCo Has to take care of the legal obligation attached with the country they are working in. Porter five forces model The porter five forces model is an important tool that is used for understanding the power of the business. It is a powerful tool used by companies in order to understand both the strength and weakness. Moreover the tool helps in analyzing the completive position it is considering (Banks, Vera, Pathak Ballard, 2016). Five forces analysis help in assuming the five more important aspect of the company in order to determine the competitive power of the organization (Tanwar, 2013). The various powers involved in the Porters five forces model is as follows: Supplier Power This help in analyzing the suppliers power to increase the price related to the commodity. This particular factor is affected by various factors which directly depend upon the uniqueness of the product and services. The fewer supplier choices available in market the more powerful supplier are a t (Gopaldas, 2015). Buyer power The price of the product is bought down which is affected by number of factors like buyers power. It depends on the strength of every individual buyer and their choice in relation with the product. The factors affecting the cost of product depend upon customers choice. In case of few powerful buyers the seller has to work according to them. Competitive Rivalry There are number of factors affecting the buoying power of the customer. It is necessary to keep in account the capability of the competitor. This will help in equally attracting new services and products otherwise suppliers and buyers will switch to some other product. Selling a product which has monopoly in the market will help in attaining significant strength (Lawton, Doh Rajwani, 2014). Threat of substitution There are constant threat from the substitute products available in t he market. The customer can switch to some other product in case if the product doesnt satisfy the consumer. People might switch to another product either by doing it manually or through outsourcing (Aggarwal Sharma, 2015). Threat of new entry The power of buyer is affected by a new entry. It is due to the ability of new competitor that can affect overall market conditions. The competitors can quickly enter into the market if there are fewer economies of scale, little protection for key technology. A person at a strong position than he can control the market position (Felin Powell, 2016). Porter five forces analysis in context of PepsiCo It is due to the global nature of the business that PepsiCo might face various external factors in its industry. Competitive rivalry or competition (strong force) The coca cola is one of the fastest growing soft drink companies that can pose threat to the revenue of PepsiCo. Most of the firms in the food and beverages sectors are aggressive and follows an innovative marketing approach. PepsiCo is currently competing with international and local organizations. This component showcases that PepsiCo is facing a high level of competition from its rival s (David, David David, 2014). Bargaining power of buyers or customers (strong force) Customers are there top priority as per their mission statement. The consumers can easily shift to some new product as there are many companies providing similar products. The level of substitutes is very high causing a high level of bargaining power with the company... it is necessary for them to keep low prices in order to compete against others (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Bargaining power of suppliers (weak force) It is recommended that PepsiCo should try to establish profitable relationship with the suppliers. The high overall power of PepsiCo option in acquiring raw material will help in reducing the bargaining power of the suppliers. Threat of substitutes or substitution (strong force) There are many companies in the market selling similar products. Hence it is necessary to examine the industry well in advance as this will help in giving satisfactory results. The consumers can easily shift to other products if they are not satisfied with it. The external factors are posing a great threat on PepsiCo where there are many chances that an individual can switch to some other product ((Luo, 2016). Threat of new entrants or new entry (moderate force) PepsiCo should remain strong no matter there is possibility of new firms entering into the market. There is a moderate threat from the new firms as consumer can easily shift from one company to another. However there are loyal consumers who want Pepsi over the other local product due to its promising taste (Keegan Campus, 2016). Four strategic recommendations for PepsiCo Firstly PepsiCo should strive hard to expand human sustainability. It needs to focus on developing more healthy and innovative products by choosing an appropriate demography. This will not only create more opportunities but is one of the essential tools against its rivals. This will provide generous profits to PepsiCo. Secondly, PepsiCo need to expand its beneficiary programs in underdeveloped countries. This will help in securing a better position against its major rival Coca Cola. CSR is one of the significant tools used by the business organization to create a sustainable position in the market. Thirdly, it is suggested that PepsiCo should strive for the populate marker (Maruffi, Petri, Malindretos, 2013). They need to focus on developing the Asian market due to possible growth. It needs to focus on a particular segment in the market which will help in attainment of desired results (Madadipouya, 2015). Lastly, there is a necessity to implement a strong promotional technique which will help in securing a better position against its rival. In a modern age social media has become one of the most common manners to create awareness among people. They need to implement the strategies in a significant manner which will help in attainment of significant results. Conclusion The report is based on the success story of the world famous brand PepsiCo. It describes various strategies used by the brand in order to create success story against its competitors Coca Cola. The report provides a brief introducing into the history of the organization. The company has merged with various other organizations across the globe in order to achieve sustainable growth. PESTEL analysis helps in understanding the macro environmental factors that can affect the growth of the organization on a long run. It is one of the most important tools that help in determining the strength while entering an international market. The porter five forces model is an important tool that is used for understanding the power of the business. It is a powerful tool used by companies in order to understand both the strength and weakness. Every business is suggested to understand the competition in the market in order to grow significantly. The report includes the porter 5 forces model describing the nature of buyer, consumer etc. this analysis will help in understanding the market strength of it. Lastly there are four recommendations related to the company in order to attain a competitive edge against Coca Cola. It is recommended that the company need to focus on upgrading promotional techniques in order to grow. References Aggarwal, M. S., Sharma, B. (2015). Green HRM: Need of the hour .International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review,1(8), 69. Banks, M. A., Vera, D., Pathak, S., Ballard, K. (2016). Stakeholder management as a source of competitive advantage.Organizational Dynamics,1(45), 18-27. David, M. E., David, F. R., David, F. R. (2014). Mission statement theory and practice: A content analysis and new direction.International Journal of Business, Marketing Decision Science,7(1), 95-110. Felin, T., Powell, T. C. (2016). Designing Organizations for Dynamic Capabilities.California Management Review,58(4), 78-96. Gopaldas, A. (2015). Creating firm, customer, and societal value: Toward a theory of positive marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(12), 2446-2451. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoffman, A. J., Corbett, C. J., Joglekar, N., Wells, P. (2014). Industrial ecology as a source of competitive advantage.Journal of Industrial Ecology,18(5), 597-602. Keegan, T., Campus, U. H. (2016). Strategic Management in an International Context. Lawton, T. C., Doh, J. P., Rajwani, T. (2014). Aligning for advantage. Luo, Y. (2016). adaptation view in cross-cultural management.Management,23(1). Madadipouya, K. (2015). A review on the strategic use of it applications in achieving and sustaining competitive advantage. Maruffi, B. L., Petri, W. R., Malindretos, J. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Competitive Advantage of Multinational Corporations: What is the right Balance?.Journal of Global Business Issues,7(2), 69. Pepsico,(2017).(Online). Retrieved from: https://www.pepsico.com/ Accessed on: 3 February 2017 Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Tanwar, R. (2013). Porters generic competitive strategies.Journal of Business and Management,15(1), 11-17. West, D., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Strategic Management Hondas Motor Case

Executive Summary Honda Motor is one of the most successful companies in the world. It has attracted massive interest due to its unique corporate strategy. Its sheer ability to recognize the forces, as outline by Michael porter 5 forces analysis, in its operating environment has contributed heavily to its success.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management: Honda’s Motor Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like wise, it has been able to utilize the value chain and hence attain a competitive advantage. For a long time it has been recognized as leader in technology. Similarly in its operation activities it has been able to reconcile dichotomies existing between human dignity and efficiency by adopting an effective free flow production process. However, its success has not come free of challenges. A good example is the fact that it has failed to reconcile the dichotomies existing between its inte rnal resources and positioning. While it positions itself as an innovative and a leader in developing technically advanced cars. Plus, it also possesses resources and capabilities to do so. The market reaction have not supported this fact, instead consumers have opted to buy simpler model. Balancing the global integration and pressure from local responsiveness is also another major challenge. Already, Honda has been accused of being ‘un-Japanese’ favouring the Global market more than the local one. This allegation holds true since most of its operation a located outside its home country. However, it handles the cultural dimension in foreign countries by paying close attention to Whittington’s suggestion of systemic approach to strategic management. It has done this by successful partnering with companies operating in potential markets therefore gaining from their knowledge and skills. However, in any market Honda can benefit greatly by reconciling dichotomies exi sting between the classical and prossesual approach to strategy. Introduction Developing a strategic plan is an important component to any business. This is because it outlines the long term plan and explains how competitive advantage is going to be achieved. Various influential people have voiced their opinions on how a business should go about developing, planning and implementing their strategy. As result, key dichotomies have emerged. However there some key organizations, like Honda, which have managed to reconciled some if not all dichotomies. As result they have achieved attention grabbing success. Therefore assessing how they incorporated the various opinions of strategic experts is a worthwhile endeavour.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Porters Analysis Michael Porter 5 Forces Analysis Michael Porter, a strategic management genius, has various key concepts under his name. The five forces analysis is an example of his influential concepts that has been highly adopted by scholars and businesses. Porter suggested that a business should conduct an analysis of firms offering similar services or product. By doing so, the strategic managers are able to determine the level of rivalry in the industry and hence take necessary measures. Also analysing the threat posed by substitutes will establish what product and service can be developed to replace the current firm’s produce. In addition, if an industry poses the potential of providing high profit margin, it will motivate new firms to participate in it. Therefore an organization is likely to enjoy reasonable profits if its industry contains are number of barriers limiting entry of new firms (Morgan 2008). Porter also considers supply power as important component of attaining competitive advantage since a powerful supplier can influence the organization cost of production and even the final price of the product. The finally Buyers bargaining power, describes the amount of influence consumer have on the firm. It is mostly strong when all or either of the below situation occur. That is when; the buyers concentration is higher than that of the firm, the buyer purchases a significant volume of produce, the buyer is well informed about the state of firms industry, and finally if there is a high existence of substitute goods, just to mention a few. (Morgan 2008) Value Chain analysis Value chain analysis, is another model generated by Michael Porter. It outlines the various activities a firm gets involves in while creating value to its customers. Porter categorized this activities into two; the primary and supportive activities. The primary activities are; inbound logistics, this are the activities involved in receiving the inputs from the suppliers and storing them in the warehouse till they are needed. The second group of activities is the operation, which involve manufacturing o r transforming the goods to finished products. After the inputs are transformed to outputs, outbound logistic activities are employed. This involves distributing the goods through the necessary supply chain. To inform the customer about the products and hence generate sales revenue marketing and sale activities are taken on. The latter stage involved guaranteeing the customer that the product would meet their needs. Therefore, essential services, such as customers support should be included. Porter went ahead and listed procurement process, human resource management, technology development and effective management of the firm’s infrastructure as the activities that support this primary activities (Morgan 2008).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management: Honda’s Motor Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Case of Honda Honda Motor is the one of the world’s most successful auto mobile company. Off late it has joined the ranks of IBM, General electric and other companies which have attracted sufficient interest of scholars and researches due to the success of their strategies (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). Part of the success of this company can be credited to the understanding of Michael porter’s suggestion and applying them in the organization either by design or default. For example, Honda has been able to curb threat from rivalry by adopting are unique strategy. This strategy involves reconciling the dichotomy existing between the management style of western firm and that of the Japanese firms. Japanese model of management and that of western countries have been cited to be on different ends. Most managers prefer to choose one and therefore lose out on advantages offered by the other. However, Honda’s approach is never to accept any trade off’s and hence it has avoided the negative aspect of Japanese management style and incorporated som e aspect of western culture. As result, it has increased its competitive edge globally avoiding rivalry especially in the home market. It is the reconciliation of management style that enables partner effectively with foreign firms and hence diversify it market. A good example is the fact that it was the first Japanese firm to set operation in North America by successfully partnering with the now well known rover group (De Wit Meyer 2004). According to Porters, substitutes are products from other industries that can replace firm’s products (Morgan 2008). Arguably, there are few substitutes to automobile industry, which include train, air and sea/water mode of transport (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). Luckily, this organization has sufficiently diversified its products to produce high power racing cars, motorcycles, small boats engines, power products, among others (De Wit Meyer 2004). Similarly, suppliers pose very little power since this industry is highly fragmented and therefo re one supplier depends to a large extend on one or two automobile firms. This in turn gives the automobile an upper hand. The bargain power of the buyers is relatively low since averagely very few consumers buy in large volume. However, the increasing buyer information have forced this company to advanced technological, coming up with products that do not destroy the environment, are fuel efficient, and still do not compromise on engine power. This approach of advancing and incorporating technology mirror the utilization of value chain analysis by strategic planner in the firm (De Wit Meyer 2004; Wallnau Feinberg 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advancement technology has enabled the company eliminate the tradeoffs associated environmental conservation and engine quality. Therefore, it has been heavily featured in Honda’s sales and marketing strategy. Also, Honda uses technology in its model replacement strategy. This operation activity involves replacing the product feature seen by the customers first, then followed some years later with changes of those feature the customer cannot see. As a result the value of the products is increased while reducing the lead time of producing the car. This has in turn giving the firm a competitive advantage since competitors are unable to replicate it. In addition, Honda recognizes the importance of managing its human resource with dignity. Therefore it reconciled the dichotomy existing between efficiency and dignity during the operation process. This it did by incorporating the free flow principle that reduce amount of work and give customers more control during the production pr ocess (De Wit Meyer 2004). Positioning versus Developing Internal Resources Reconciling the dichotomies existing between developing the internal sources and effectively positioning is a mystifying task. This is because the two factors are found on different sides of the spectrum. For example, positioning involve creating a positive perception about the company and its products to an external viewer or environment. However the fact that it is subject to the person viewing the organization has provide inconsistent results. Despite this, a proper analysis of the external environment can improve its chance of success (Morgan 2008). Honda, strategic planners have over the decade strived to position it as manufacturer of classy and technically innovative sporty cars (De Wit Meyer 2004). On other hand, developing internal sources involve incorporating company’s internal inputs to achieve the strategic objectives. A firm which utilizes its core competencies is likely to achieve a c ompetitive advantage. According to Swinton (2006) core competence are unique abilities that a firm develops over a period of time as a result of continuous learning and accumulation of necessary skills. They act as useful resources since they provide an organization with the power to exemplary add value to the customers needs. Adopting the internal resource-based approach involve paying enough attention to the value chain activities that increases the company’s competitive edge (Swinton 2006). For example, Honda motor advancement in technology and unique engine design provides the company with core competence (De Wit Meyer 2004). Honda has been successful in reconciling the dichotomies that are embodied in the value chain activities. To be specific, the dichotomies are mostly found in areas such as the supplier-buyer relations, efficiency versus employee’s dignity, and sequential production versus a simultaneous one, among others. However, when it comes to reconciling dichotomies associated with positioning versus developing internal resources, the organization seems to face hurdles. For example the ability of Honda to use technology to produce high quality superior engines, and it effort to position itself as designer of sporty and innovative cars, has not been reflected in the consumers’ response. This is because most of its global sales are not derived from models that reflect these values, but it is from the simple less innovative and marketed brand (De Wit Meyer 2004). Pressure from Global Integration and Local Responsiveness Despite how much an automobile industry might strive to confine itself to the local market, various influences makes globalization inevitable. Specifically this pressure can either be due to factors associated with the automobile market or those that surrounds the production process. Global competitors and consumers are examples of factors affecting the automobile markets. They therefore force an automobile com pany to join the global arena. By doing so, the company is able to utilize its value chain in more effective way (Wallnau Feinberg 2008; Swinton 2006). Honda has been able to successful integrate globally. In fact, it has been so successful that it is considered a very small player in its home turf, but globally a multinational giant (De Wit Meyer 2004). According to De Wit Meyer (2004), only a third of its turnover comes from its home country. The need to recoup the initial and operation massive investment is another factor that pushes such a company to integrate globally. Similarly, as local consumer enjoyed an increase range of option from global competitors, their bargaining power increases. Therefore, automobile companies are forced to such for consumers in other countries (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). However, sometimes different economies utilize their value chain different. In addition, the various factors in the competitive environment, as summarized in porter 5 forces analy sis, result in a local responsiveness pressures (Swinton 2006). For example, a certain foreign economy might be dominated by either a variety of domestic firms or a single powerful firm. Similarly, some foreign markets are largely occupied by substitutes. A case in point is venturing into an environmental conscience nation whereby most of its citizen either use public transport, such as buses and trains, or prefer motor cycles. Host Government regulation is another form of pressure, whereby automobiles have to adhere to certain regulations and specifications (Swinton 2006; Wallnau Feinberg 2008). Honda has faced various challenges and pressures in the local environment due to its management style. The fact that it has incorporated some western culture aspects, has led it to being considered ‘un-Japanese’. This is because some analyst considers it to have enjoyed a global integration to a point whereby its need for the local market has been minimized. This factor can be supported by the fact that are huge chunk of its revenue figure is not from Japan. However, proponents of its management structure argue that by incorporating the good values of western management style and that of the Japanese, it has balance both global integration and local responsiveness need efficiently (De Wit Meyer 2004). Schools of Strategy Approach The influential Whittington went a head to distinguish the various approach of strategy management. Classical and Processual are among the approaches he described. The classical approach implies that strategic managers are rational and therefore deliberately plan and organize various factors that will help in profit maximization. One major assumption under this approach is that in a free economy an efficient market is bound to occur. Therefore, provided the organization has effective leaders who can objectively make sound and critical strategic choices, it is likely to succeed. The market environment will automatically present an opportunity and therefore implementing the chosen strategy will involve utilizing the corporate structure, process and policy to maximize on the presented opportunity (Swinton 2006). Processual school of thought, on the other hand acknowledges the business environment is dogged by a number of factors. Therefore, the strategy that was initially developed might be altered by various factors during the implementation process. Hence, instead of developing full strategic plan in the initial stages, manager should consciously develop a strategy based on utilization of internal competencies and analysing the external environment. Top managers therefore have a duty of constant improving their knowledge and experiences. Also to guarantee success, it is mandatory for them to enhance the internal process by improving the core competencies and capability (Swinton 2006). Since the classical school of thought assumes top managers are rational, Honda encouraged few top executives to be in charg e of key decision making. It enabled this by creating a facility layout whereby top executives shared an open office. Senior executives saw this as a way of encouraging horizontal sharing of information. However, after Kawamoto took over he initiated a processual approach. This is illuminated by the fact that he changed the organization decision making process to be inline with the changing business environment. Although it could be easily assumed that the organization had abandoned its horizontal decision making process (across managers only), this was not case. Honda had now reconciled the dichotomy existing between the vertical and horizontal decision making process. Whether to make the decision vertical or horizontally, depended on the market situation. The now interchanging approach acknowledges the market is not efficient as it is affected by emerging factors (Swinton 2006; De Wit Meyer 2004). Applying Both the School of Thought The reputation of Honda in reconciling manageme nt dichotomies might compel it to apply both the schools of thought. If it does so, it will avoid the limitation of either approach. At the same time, it will also eliminate the trade offs associated with choosing an approach over the other. A good combination might be taking on classical fundamentals of profit maximization through rationally and intentionally planning. Simultaneously, adopting the Processual approach emphasizes for manager to develop core competence that will enable them simplify complex matters. Here the manager should not only develop competence of only tackling the market environment but also, should improve the capability of managing the human resource. This is particular important since not every individual is driven by the desire to maximize the profit of the organization. Understanding and addressing the unique needs of each staff will result in an increase in competitive advantage (Swinton 2006;De Wit Meyer 2004). However, if Honda chooses to adopt only on e approach, then it should go with the processual approach. This is because the approach does not merely assume the market environment is efficient, or either separates the process of strategy planning and implementing. It acknowledges that during the planning process there are number of factors that the strategist can miss out on. The automobile industry especially faces various challenges that can alter the environment therefore distorting the strategy at hand. For example, Honda has effectively used this strategy and hence has been able to adapt to new demands easily (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). A good case in point is adopting new technologies that ensure fuel efficiency therefore avoiding environmental concerns. The fact that Honda has been able to reposition itself to the current market situation indicates that it has used its strategy plan not at as final document, but as guideline to help it achieve competitive edge (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). Systemic School of Strategy Approach Hofstede threw a spanner to the management theories that implied management practices can universally be applied. Through his cultural dimensions theory, he challenged the notion that deep inside human being are the same. Therefore, he concluded that people from a specific region will react differently from those hailing from other region. Whittington understood this when he was outlining the systematic school of strategy. According to this school of thought business should adopt strategies based on the environment they are operating in. the strategies adopted should be heavily influence by the culture and values of that environment. Therefore strategic managers should not strive to rational apply what they think is effective based on the knowledge of their origin. What they have acquired from their home country might not hold true in this new environment. In addition, it is not only the customer who might be different, but also a cultural diverse workforce. The workforce does not have any less effect on the company’s competitive advantage. For that reason factors affecting their performance, such as cultural dimension, should be carefully considered (Swinton 2006). As mentioned earlier, most of Honda’s revenue stream from different parts of the world. Therefore, its strategic planners should consider some, if not all aspects of the above approach. To shield itself from the implications of diverse cultural dimension, Honda adopted a philosophy of manufacturing vehicles in their target market (Wallnau Feinberg 2008). As a result, most of its manufacturing plants are being operated outside its home country Japan (De Wit Meyer 2004). On the other hand, this factor presents the challenge of managing a diverse workforce. Even at its home country, the company has grappled with whether to incorporate certain ‘negative’ cultural aspects. The founder Honda however decided to risk it all and adopt a system that awards individual contributio n and hence motivate the younger employees to take more positive action. The Japanese culture on the contrary is not very conducive for the younger generation. For example, awarding is based on status quo, seniority and collective decision making (De Wit Meyer 2004). To effectively penetrated in different cultured countries, Honda will have to acquire skill that can enable it interact effectively with the customers there. A good way to do this will be either to partner with organization operating in the environment it is considering venturing. Wallnau Feinberg (2008), cite that it adopted this strategy, by buying small percentage of established motor cycle firms, to venture into the US market. Similarly it used the Rover partnership to enter the North American market an area which it had previous faced difficulties in understanding the consumers (De Wit Meyer 2004; Wallnau Feinberg 2008). Conclusion No doubt the corporate strategy determines to a great extent the level of succes s a company is going to enjoy. However, if a company is to enjoy sufficient triumph as that of Honda, it must adopt anew thinking. The traditional method of strategic management whereby an organization subscribes to one school of thought or management style is limiting. Honda has set the example of ascribing to a no trade-off policy. This approach involves reconciling various management dichotomies. When presented with more than one options but forced to adopt just one, take the best of either side while neglecting the worst of each. Without a doubt this will pose some challenges but by persistence will ensure organization enjoy the fruits of its labour. Reference List De Wit, B, Meyer, R., 2004. Strategy Process, Content, and Context: An International Perspective, 3rd Edition. Thomson Learning: London. Morgan, K., 2008. Globalization and Strategic Management Issues. London: Palgrave. Swinton, N., 2OO6. Strategic Management in Globalization Environment. Norderstedt: B.O.D. Wallnau , L., Feinberg L., 2008. Understanding the Basic Ingredients of an Effective Corporate Strategy: Honda Motors Case Study. Leadership Management Journal, 32 (8), pp. 120-270. This report on Strategic Management: Honda’s Motor Case was written and submitted by user Alexandra Bray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mama Mancini Restaurant

Mama Mancini Restaurant Strategy Paper 1: Proposal The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of family owned small business through analysis conducted to assess their contribution and impact to the society. The research is aimed at assessing the problems faced by small family owned businesses. First, the study will examine specific case of family owned small business, Mama Mancini’s, a mid size restaurant in Chicago area, in order to examine how closely it fits the general principles of family owned small business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mama Mancini Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The success of this small business is owed to good planning, quality of their product and identification of the niche market. Bruno Mancini’s vision and planning contributed greatly to the success of the business. The paper focuses on dynamics of owner-owned enterprises and Mama Mancini’s business wa s chosen for this case because of the successful, family owned small businesses which are typical example of increasing numbers all family owned businesses all over the world. Mama Mancini is a small family business started in 1913 by Arturo Mancini, an Italian Chef specialising in serving genuine home made sources. The restaurant has gained popularity over the years due to its unique delicacies of Italian recipes and dining experience combined with good cultural atmosphere.This small family owned business was running at a loss five years ago, the break even point was achieved during the third year. The figures below present the company’s financial statements. INCOME STATEMENT FORM MAMA MANCINI’S FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS (Amounts are in $’000) Year 1 Year 2/th> Year 3/th> Year 4/th> Year 5/th> Sales 4,217 5,060 6,072 7,287 8,744 Cost of good sold 1,265 1,518 1,821 2,186 2,623 Gross Profit 2,951 3,542 4,250 5,101 6,121 Selling, general, Admini strative Expenses 3,285 3,791 4,087 4,825 5,556 Administrative Expenses 3,285 3,791 4,087 4,825 5,556 Net profit before tax -333 -249 163 275 585 Tax 0 0 24 41 85 Profit after tax -333 -249 139 234 480 Mama Mancini is classified as a small business because the enterprise is owned and operated by family members. Family owned business is defined as a general agreement among family members that requires ownership and management of the business. Small business enterprises contribute greatly to the American economy and studies have showed that 75% of all businesses in the United States are family owned. Studies have also shown that small businesses contribute to 50% of the GDP and 78% of jobs generated within the United States This research demonstrates that family owned businesses across the United States are the major backbone of the domestic economy (Philips Raspery 1). Strategy paper 2: Target Marketing and Positioning Mama Mancini restaurant is situated at a secluded environment, in the suburbs of Chicago area characterised with great atmosphere and serves a traditional cuisine of authentic Italian food to its customers. The sound system of the music is neither loud nor too slow and offers comfortable seats cushioned with avante-gard-styled booths. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The water foundation and aluminium ceiling funs provides a cool atmosphere in hot summer days adding more serenity to the environment. Jack Mancini, the restaurant chef accredits the food in his restaurant as sensational, tasty and satisfying and the harmonise music the restaurant provides helps create the perfect ambiance that attracts more customers to the place. Just to add to the ambience of the place, the restaurant plays a wide array of Italian music that adds more dining experience to the cultural atmosphere. Marketing mix comprises o f product, price, place and promotion, and as mentioned earlier, Mama Mancini has incorporated all this strategies in its product (Dissanayake 9). Segments that make up the target markets in Mama Mancini restaurant revolve around how the business targets its market in terms of distribution of products, its promotion and pricing. Mama Mancini restaurant offers as the best example by charging relatively low prices on their menus and offering buffers to returned customers. This strategy has established the firm long term relationship with its clients. The firm has also streamlined its products to specifically meet customer’s needs by offering a variety of sauces to choose from. Mama Mancini friendly environment located in a convenient location in the heart of Chicago and its culinary precision places it at a better advantage over its competitors. Third, partnership with customers helps develop the level of trust which makes the customer commit to staying in purchasing the produc ts even if they don’t need it (Philips Raspery 2). The company’s competitive advantage is derived its exceptional culinary precision in serving Italian foods of genuine home made sources offers it a better competitive advantage over other businesses. The firm configures its resources (employees, customers and suppliers) within a challenging environment to meet its demands and has also been able to offer its customers incentives that include buffers to gain competitive advantage over its competitor and as a strategy to retain and attract more customers. In addition, a strategic perspective would also require a company employing resources such as skills, assets, finance, relationships, facilities and technical competence. On social and economical perspective, Mama Mancini development strategy involved passing off management leadership from one generation to the other, a strategy that pulls in new skills and products to the stale markets. Different ideas brought in by n ew members positively impacts on the productivity and profitability of a business and may have positive influence on the communities (Philips Raspery 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Mama Mancini Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The product position in marketing describes how a business creates its image or identity of their target markets. Mama Mancini for this instance has been able to maintain its Italian family for generations and its exceptional culinary precision in serving Italian foods of genuine home made sources offers it a better competitive advantage over other businesses. The is has helped the company to be identified as an Italian Cuisine in all its branches opened all over Chicago and within the United States making their sales doubling over a period of five years. Even though the business was running at a loss for a period of five years, its strategy in serving exceptional me als at affordable prices made it achieve break even point on its third year in business (Philips Raspery 3). Strategy Paper 3: Product and Channels The restaurant’s strategy to branch out into sauces enables it to gain niche markets that existed for the sauces of Mama Mancini. As demand the restaurants products increased, Mama Mancini started extending its services outside Chicago borders to more international borders such as Japan. Mama Mancini product offering that include a variety of sauces to choose from has given the company a differential advantage over other competitors. The total numbers of branches opened by Mama Mancini over the past decades has had great impacts on the US GDP. Capital expansion of the business is generated from firm’s reinvest into the business to support and perpetuate wealth for future generations. Also, its ability to make long term investments in opening up branches in different locations would subsequently help its future generation s as opposed to the large corporation motives of short term returns (Philips Raspery 4). Small family owned businesses often face cash flow crunch problems and Mama Mancini is no exception. Its Income statement displays a negative cash flow in the first years of business. These small businesses were in the habit of short term planning, with simple budgets that projected only into the immediate future. This could not enable them develop new markets and extend credit facilities to their clients due to the cash flow crunches they faced as result of overtrading as the case of Mama Mancini. Mama Mancini experienced overtrading within its first two years of trading since it had incurred large capital expenditure in purchasing production facility that made it difficult to meet orders it had already taken due to lack of funds. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, the business was not in a position to extend credit facilities to the customers and did not have enough buffers in case of such emergencies. However, Mama Mancini’s credit crunch improved over the years as the Company was able to build up on its profit base as owed to effective management of production and selling cycles (Philips Raspery 4). Family owned businesses often encounter the problem of retirement as opposed to large corporations. Most cases the founders of these enterprises pass on the management to younger family members that often welcome tensions and problems. Research reveals that family businesses are concentrated upon the issue of effective succession of male family. Over the years families have tended to move away from transferring possession to their direct heirs to a shared leadership since the chosen successors may be incapable of handling the business and this makes more economic sense. Multiple successors may offer advantage to the company becaus e of the new ideas they bring into the business that may stimulate growth and performance of the enterprise. In the case of Mama Mancini, the founder of the business Arturo gracefully stepped aside to allow Bruno to capitalise on bringing new ideas and products into the business (Philips Raspery 4). Mama Mancini fulfils customer needs and provides benefits by developing its strategies on risk taking, innovation, productivity and independency thereby increasing firm’s productivity and personal responsibility to the economy. This strategy enhances the firm’s strength and success and disables the burden during leadership transition. Since the firm has heavily invested in customer service, respect tradition and take good care of their employees contrary to large corporations, they are more likely to gain long term trust with its employees and to the clients as a whole. And also, since Mama Mancini operates on attributes such as management status, family union and owners hip, and share simultaneous roles, history, identity and language and their emotional involvement and acknowledgement of privacy gives them a caring heart about treating their employees fairly, luring family members into the business and providing jobs for the public (Philips Raspery 4). Brand name of a business may include family names, individual names or combination brand names. Mama Mancini for this case uses the Italian name Mancini to identify with classic Italian recipes and culture. Since the firm is involves majority members of its Italian family, direct family involvement and transition is passed on to multiple generations, which results into more businesses and larger economic contributions. The excellent dishes provided by the restaurant and friendly working environment leads to satisfied employees and retention, productivity ultimately leading to good services thereafter, customer satisfaction and loyalty, key determinants to financial success (Taguiru and Davis 1). P roduct life cycles are strategies a firm encounters when introducing a product to the markets. The stages include market introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and saturation and decline stage. In market introduction stage, a firm always experiences low sales, no competition, create demand, incur high costs in product orientation and there are either makes little or no money. When sauces were first introduced Mama Mancini, family members were directly involved in the day-to-day running of the business with no compensation. Customers were charged relatively low prices and buffers were offered to returned customers. In the growth stage, the restraint financed its activities through personal funds and resources to cover up the initial set up costs. The business was started with limited personal resources and continued to grow gradually through personal recommendations among the Italian community in Chicago, later extending to other networks across the United States.In matur ity stage, the company starts to realize increased competition, sales volume increases and industrial profits go now. For the restaurants case, the wide array of Italian music that is neither loud nor too slow adds more dining experience to the cultural atmosphere. In addition, the comfortable seats cushioned with avante-gard-styled booths helped the firm realize increased sales. The water foundation and aluminium ceiling funs provides a cool atmosphere in hot summer days adding more serenity to the environment and the sensational, tasty and satisfying and the harmonise music the restaurant provides helps create the perfect ambiance that attracts more customers to the place. In my opinion, I would like to recommend the restaurant to build close relationships with its employees as a strategy to build customers loyalty and establishes viable business (Philips Raspery 4). Vertical marketing system is where members of a channel of distribution that comprises of producer, wholesaler a nd retailer work together to achieve business goal. Mama Mancini uses vertical marketing system since it configures its resources (employees, customers and suppliers) within a challenging environment to meet its demands. The firm does not use any intermediaries since all restaurant activities are run by family members. Members of the channel that perform the regrouping activities are Mancini family members since they head most of the restraint branches all over United States. Vertical integration does not make sense in this case since all family members are involved in running of the business and there is no significant authority figure (Philips Raspery 4). Strategy Paper 4: Promotion and Pricing Personal networking and interpersonal relationship in Mama Mancini Restaurant had greatly contributed to product promotion and pricing. Since small businesses may not have the advantages of huge advertisement budgets large corporate have, they are expected to go an extra mile to create th eir own brand recognition for their products through personal level of service they provide. Numerous studies have concluded that success of small enterprises is owed to the heavy investment of the owners to the businesses and the hard work they put into the business to make their investment successful. These businesses never fall short on manpower as they tend to pull in their family members in case of emergencies unlike large corporate businesses. Studies reveal that customers tend to favour family owned business due to the personalised services provided that ensures more satisfied customers, a key to success of any business (Ashley-Cotleur at al 10). Satisfied customers tend to spread the word faster than any other form of advertisement which favours small family owned businesses better. A typical example is that of Mama Mancini’s. Clients who visit the restaurant frequently due to the remarkable high quality home made sauce and personalised services recommend the place to other people which validate the principle Philips Rasbery states to be â€Å"the best form of advertising there is.† (3). Mama Mancini’s another subsequent branches opened all over Chicago have thrived because it invested heavily from its family resources and the exception services it provides to its clients. The goals of the business According to a study conducted by (Taguiru and Davis 1), Mancini’s business were discovered to be functioning within six goals; developing new products, financial security and benefits for the family, created a home based work environment and concentrated on personal growth and autonomy. Mancini’s business goals were of a family oriented that provided more personal nature to the business and opposed to a sheer monetary motivation as evident in most non-family businesses worldwide. A more distinguishing feature about family business is that they offer interactive working environment and tight relationships very different from the impersonal, corporate culture relationships seen in most large businesses. This makes them very responsible for the success of the business and economic productivity since employees work in a happy atmosphere which enhances good services and attracts more customers. Prices of Mama Mancini foods are consistence in its entire stores all over United Stated and products of the company are not priced according to competitors from other companies. Low priced dishes in Mama Mancini have been able to attract more customers into buying the company’s products. Conclusion The study question at the beginning of this research was to examine the factors that contributed to economic success of family owned small business and it has become clear that personal networking and interpersonal relationship contributed greatly to the success of the business. Small business back in the day faced finance problems and credit crunch, but since loans are available today, adequate planning and creativity can enable long term planning. In my opinion, Mama Mancini’s has showed a perfect example on how small businesses are backbone of the economy. The government should step in and offer attractive loan facilities that attract low interest rates to these enterprises to stimulate their growth. It took Mama Mancini five years to penetrate other markets, if affordable loans were in place, that wouldn’t have been the case and more jobs would have been generated sooner. Ashley-Cotleur, Catherine., Sandra,West. â€Å"Family Business and Relationship Marketing: The Impacts of Relationship Marketing On Second Generation Family Business†. Frostburg State University, vol .35 (2000) pp. 1-14. Dissanayale, Kumudinei. â€Å"The construction of Organizational Structure; Connection with Autopoietic System Thoery† Contemporary Management Research, vol.2, issue 2 (2006) pp.1-12. Philips, Mancini Raspery, Stephen. â€Å"Welcome to Mancini’s Not just a pl ace to eat great food, but a restaurant to have the perfect meal† Good life, October Issue, (2002). pp.1-4. Tagiuri, Davis, J Swarts, Stephen. â€Å"The challenges of multi-displinary consulting to family owned businesses†. Family Business Review, 2(1989.):pp.1

Negro Baseball League Timeline

Negro Baseball League Timeline The Negro Baseball Leagues were professional leagues in the United States for players of African descent. At its height of popularity- from 1920 through World War II- Negro  Baseball Leagues were an integral part of African-American life and culture during the Jim Crow Era.   1859: The first documented baseball game between two African-American teams is played on November 15 in New York City. The Henson Baseball Club of Queens played the Unknowns of Brooklyn. The Henson Baseball Club defeated the Unknowns, 54 to 43. 1885: The first African-American professional team is founded in Babylon, NY. They are named the Cuban Giants. 1887: The National Colored Baseball League is established, becoming the first professional African-American league. The league begins with eight teams- the Lord Baltimores, Resolutes, Browns, Falls City, Gorhams, Pythians, Pittsburgh Keystones, and the Capital City Club. However, within two weeks the National Colored Baseball League will cancel games as a result of poor attendance. 1890: The International League bans African-American players, which will last until 1946. 1896:  The Page Fence Giants club is established by Bud Fowler. The club is considered one of the best teams in early African-American baseball history because players toured in their own railroad car and played against major league teams such as the Cincinnati Reds. 1896: The United States Supreme Court upholds Louisianas separate but equal laws concerning public facilities. This decision affirms racial segregation, de facto segregation, and prejudice throughout the United States. 1896: The Page Fence Giants and Cuban Giants play a national championship. The Page Fence Club wins 10 out of 15 games. 1920: At the height of the Great Migration, Andrew Rube Foster, owner of the Chicago American Giants organizes a meeting with all the Midwest team owners in Kansas City. As a result, the Negro National League is established. 1920: On May 20, the Negro National League begins its first season with seven teamsthe Chicago American Giants, Chicago Giants, Dayton Marcos, Detroit Stars, Indianapolis ABCs, Kansas City Monarchs and Cuban Stars. This marks the beginning of the Golden Era of Negro Baseball. 1920: The Negro Southern League is established. The league includes cities such as Atlanta, Nashville, Birmingham, Memphis, New Orleans, and Chattanooga. 1923: The Eastern Colored League is established by Ed Bolden, owner of the Hilldale Club, and Nat Strong, owner of the Brooklyn Royal Giants. The Eastern Colored League consists of the following six teams: Brooklyn Royal Giants, Hilldale Club, Bacharach Giants, Lincoln Giants, Baltimore Black Sox, and the Cuban Stars. 1924: The Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League and the Hilldale Club of the Eastern Colored League play in the first Negro World Series. The Kansas City Monarchs win the championship five games to four. 1927 - 1928: The Eastern Colored League faces many conflicts between various club owners. In 1927, New Yorks Lincoln Giants left the league. Although the Lincoln Giants returned in the following season, several other teams including the Hilldale Club, Brooklyn Royal Giants, and Harrisburg Giants all left the league. In 1928, the Philadelphia Tigers were brought into the league. Despite several attempts, the League disbands in June of 1928 over player contracts. 1928: The American Negro League is developed and includes the Baltimore Black Sox, Lincoln Giants, Homestead Grays, Hilldale Club, Bacharach Giants, and the Cuban Giants. Many of these teams were members of the Eastern Colored League. 1929: The stock market crashes, placing financial strains on many facets of American life and business, including Negro League baseball as ticket sales slump. 1930: Foster, founder of the Negro National League dies. 1930: The Kansas City Monarchs end their ties with the Negro National League and become an independent team. 1931: The Negro National League disbands after the 1931 season as a result of financial strains. 1932: The Negro Southern League becomes the only major African-American baseball league operating. Once considered less lucrative than other leagues, the Negro Southern League is able to begin the season with five teams including the Chicago American Giants, Cleveland Cubs, Detroit Stars, Indianapolis ABCs, and Louisville White Sox. 1933: Gus Greenlee, a business owner from Pittsburgh forms the new Negro National League. Its first season begins with seven teams. 1933: The inaugural East-West Colored All-Star Game is played at Comiskey Park in Chicago. An estimate 20,000 fans attend and the West wins, 11-7. 1937: The Negro American League is established, uniting the strongest teams on the West Coast and south. These teams included the Kansas City Monarchs, Chicago American Giants, Cincinnati Tigers, Memphis Red Sox, Detroit Stars, Birmingham Black Barons, Indianapolis Athletics, and St. Louis Stars. 1937: Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard help the Homestead Grays begin its nine-year streak as champions of the Negro National League. 1946: Jackie Robinson, a player for the Kansas City Monarchs, is signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers organization. He plays with the Montreal Royals and becomes the first African-American to play in the International League in more than sixty years. 1947: Robinson becomes the first African-American player in major league baseball by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers. He wins National League Rookie of the Year. 1947: Larry Doby becomes the first African-American player in the American League when he joins the Cleveland Indians. 1948: The Negro National League disbands. 1949: The Negro American League is the only major African-American league still playing. 1952: More than 150 African-American baseball players, most from the Negro Leagues, have been signed to Major League Baseball. With low ticket sales and a lack of good players, the era of African-American baseball comes to an end.

What are the main motives for US involvement in the region after 1945 Essay

What are the main motives for US involvement in the region after 1945 - Essay Example The most important of them is access to oil and gas deposits. Obviously, the desire of American capital to acquire control over the production, processing and marketing of Arab oil has been the main motive for economic expansion of the U.S. in the Arab countries. Still, Americans’ intervention has begun under the guise of their off-board assistance to the countries in their economic recovery, since â€Å"†¦states all across the Middle East soon proved incapable of properly managing the economy† (Khater, 197). There is another motive: â€Å"†¦the United States declares its goal in the region to be the spread of democracy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gelvin, 5). Surely, there have been particular benefits for the Middle East nations, but â€Å"†¦ many in the region have paid a high price for America’s support of every kind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gelvin, 5). As for America’s benefits resulting from its interference in the Middle East with its oil deposits, it has gained a great success in oil possession, while the same cannot be said for the fate of Arab people living in the region. In conclusion, America’s participation in domestic affairs of different countries of the idle East region after the end of World War II has its certain motives resulted from its desire to assume the regional oil deposits as well as to intensify the spread of democracy within Arab